Tongue’s innervation is divided into three parts: anterior 2/3, posterior 1/3 and root of tongue. Foramen cecum marks the boundary of anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3.
Motor Innervation
All of the motor innervation is provided by hypoglossal (CN XII) except for the platoglossus muscle which is provided by vagus CN X.
Sensory Innervation
Sensory innervation carries touch, pain, pressure and temperature sensations.
| Area | Sensory Innervation |
|---|---|
| Anterior 2/3 | mandibular branch of trigeminal (CN V-3) |
| Posterior 1/3 | glossopharyngeal (CN IX) |
| Posterior part of the root of tongue | vagus (CN X) |
Gustatory Innervation
Gustatory innervation carries taste sensations.
| Area | Gustatory Innervation |
|---|---|
| Anterior 2/3 | chorda tympani of facial (CN VII) |
| Posterior 1/3 | glossopharyngeal (CN IX) |
| Posterior part of the root of tongue, upper larynx, upper esophagus | vagus (CN X) |
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